The Earnings and Employees Study (EES) 2011 links wage and employment data from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) for 2011 with detailed individual and household characteristics information, including religious denomination and community background, from the 2011 Census. Analysing this linked data, we find no evidence of either a Catholic wage penalty or premium in 2011, with estimated wage gaps small in magnitude and statistically insignificant in unadjusted and adjusted models.
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This study provides a first glance into the impact that informal childcare provided by co-resident grandparents in Northern Ireland has on mothers’ employment rates, especially on mother’s full-time and part-time employment.
