Discover peer-reviewed journal articles and reports that use ADR UK-funded flagship datasets. This collection is being expanded over time.
Displaying results 11 to 20 out of 28
We used all-of-England inpatient data (Hospital Episode Statistics) to identify groups of adolescents with CHCs from age 5 to 15. Cohorts were born in 2000/01 to 2002/03. Data were linked to England’s National Pupil Database for secondary school (age 11 to 16) persistent absence (>1 month missed/year), exclusion, and non-enrolment to examine rates of each outcome by CHC groups.
Dataset used: Education and Child Health Insights from Linked Data - England
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Monitoring the incidence of chronic health conditions (CHCs) in childhood in England, using administrative data to derive numerators and denominators, is challenged by unmeasured migration. We used open and closed birth cohort designs to estimate the cumulative incidence of CHCs to age 16 years.
A small but growing literature is exploring the later lifetime outcomes of initially high achieving young people from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds. These individuals have the potential to break through the glass ceiling and climb up the socio-economic ladder, though unfortunately many fail to achieve this goal. This paper presents new evidence on a selection of behavioural outcomes for this group, focusing on their attendance at and exclusions from school, along with cautions/sentences received for involvement in criminal activity. By using large-scale administrative data from multiple school cohorts in England, we can explore intersectionality between high-achievement, socio-economic background, gender and ethnicity in greater detail than prior research. We find substantial differences in absence rates throughout secondary school relative to their equally able but more socio-economically advantaged peers, with this a particular issue for those of White and Mixed ethnicity. On the other hand, exclusions from school and cautions/sentences are particularly elevated amongst high achieving disadvantaged boys – most prominently those from Black and Mixed-race backgrounds – and peak during Key Stage 4. We also find that differences in attendance, exclusions and cautions/sentences while at school can only partially explain socio-economic differences in the propensity to be cautioned or sentenced as an adult.
Dataset used: Ministry of Justice & Department for Education linked dataset - England
Using administrative data from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings linked to the 2011 Census of England and Wales, this paper explores the labour market performance of first-generation immigrants and compares it to that of UK-born employees. By focusing on various labour market outcomes and distinguishing immigrants based on their years of residence in the UK, the analysis reveals that more recent immigrants, on average, earn less, work longer hours, and are more likely to be employed in low-skilled occupations or temporary employment compared to observationally equivalent UK-born employees. However, the labour market performance of immigrants with ten or more years of residence in the UK is more comparable to that of their UK-born counterparts. These patterns are similar for males and females, but there is considerable heterogeneity in terms of ethnicity, country of birth, and reason for migration, as well as across the pay distribution.
Dataset used: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings linked to 2011 Census - England and Wales
It is known that children with lower neurodevelopmental abilities and children who live in poverty are at increased risk of contact with the criminal justice system, but whether these two risk factors interact is unknown. We used linked data from 519,920 children born in 2001/2002, who attended school in England. Prospective analysis tested whether Early Years Foundation Stage Profile (EYFSP) indexing functional development across six domains and pupil characteristics indexing poverty at age 4/5, predicted a caution or conviction by age 15/16.
In 2020, COVID-19 forced the cancellation of all student end-of-school examinations in England. Schools were asked to provide centre assessment grades (CAGs), offering their best estimates for what students would have achieved had they sat their examinations. Although initially ignored in favour of grades calculated via an algorithm, students were eventually awarded their CAGs following widespread public outcry over the calculated grades. Whether CAGs were unfairly awarded across different student groups and schools in 2020 compared to previous years is a key question. However, existing analyses of bias in CAGs are limited by a lack of attention to potential interactions between student characteristics, and thus to hidden differential grade inflation across intersectional groups. We address this by examining student GCSE performance in 2018, 2019, and 2020 via a Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) analysis of intersectional sociodemographic variation which we cross-classify with schools given their role in generating CAGs. Overall, a picture of stability emerges, where despite substantial overall grade inflation in 2020, the use of CAGs does not appear to have generated new or divergent intersectional relationships in comparison to previous years, suggesting CAGs showed a similar susceptibility to bias as normal examinations.
Dataset used: Grading and Admissions Data for England
In Wales, the Children in Need (CIN) dataset includes information relating to needs of children and social care support. Before the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 came into force in April 2016, this data collection was named the Children in Need census, changing to Children Receiving Care and Support (CRCS) after this date to reflect better the children eligible for inclusion. This paper describes these datasets, their potential for research and their limitations. We describe data that researchers can access via the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank and exploratory linkages made to health records
Dataset used: Children Receiving Care and Support Census - Wales
Child maltreatment is a major public health issue. Child welfare services are provided to many children at risk of maltreatment to try and prevent negative outcomes and serious long-term harm. The excess risk of criminal justice contact among children receiving these welfare services is not well established and less is known about differences between male and female children, making effective health policy responses difficult.
We aimed to generate evidence about child development measured through school attainment and provision of special educational needs (SEN) across the spectrum of gestational age, including for children born early term and >41 weeks of gestation, with and without chronic health conditions.
As scholars of alcohol and other drugs we should be concerned with the ongoing development of criminal justice policy and the narratives it reinforces about the nature of the relationship between substance use/intoxication and crime. Intoxication is one of the most prevalent features of offending before the courts. As such it is key to understand how courts respond to cases involving alcohol or other drug intoxication both in terms of how they operate and the sentences they dispense. This editorial on the topic of courts and sentencing covers issues of how intoxication is dealt with in sentencing, specialist substance use courts and court-enforced alcohol abstinence. Drawing primarily upon examples in the English and Welsh context and pointing to similar developments across the globe, it argues that, when considered together, these parallel developments represent a trend towards the punitive reinforcement of the abstinence ideal in criminal justice policy.
Dataset used: Data First: Cross-Justice System - England and Wales
